What is a myth Essay Example for Free

What is a fantasy Essay It is a conventional story dependent on antiquated convictions of various networks and having heavenly clarifications of realities or normal marvels. The legendary story is identified with strict convictions, therefore, has a custom character, ie presents perpetual components and is recognized by its strength. The motivation behind legend isn't to engage, likewise with the story, however to clarify the significance of life. So there are sure subjects, for example, the starting point of man and the universe, which are treated in the legends everything being equal. The fantasy reacts to a specific method of seeing the world and to clarify the marvels that exist in it. In contrast to science, which gives discerning and sensible clarifications to these marvels, the fantasy gives clarifications mã ³gicas and to some degree incredible. Consequently, occasions happen silly fantasies, enchantment arrangements exist and seem remarkable characters. The way that various networks have comparable concerns prompted the production of fantasies about similar marvels in various societies. In the fantasy of Phaeton these perspectives are reflected in the accompanying way: Phenomenon: The inception of deserts and of the dark race. Made incredible: Phaeton driving the chariot of the sun to demonstrate its awesome starting point. All inclusiveness: The marvel, how it is clarified and the characters are rehashed with some various qualities in fantasies of different networks. Characterization of legends beind coded substance: Cosmogenic: clarify the making of the world. Theogonic: clarify the source of the gods.â Antropogã ³nicos: clarify the presence of man Etiological: clarify political, strict and social. Spirits: Explain moral standards contrary energies like great and insidiousness, blessed messengers and evil spirits. Highlights According to Mircea Eliade, fantasy is a consecrated story that narratives an occasion that occurred during antiquated time, in which the world had not yet stood. The occasions of the occasionally repeating nature are clarified because of the occasions described in the legend (for instance, in Greek folklore the pattern of seasons is clarified from the kidnapping of Persephone). In any case, not all legends allude to a period first additionally can address happening after the starting point, yet recognized by their significance and the progressions they brought. In the perspective on Claude Levi-Strauss, structuralist anthropologist, each legend has three attributes: †¢ This is an existential inquiry concerning the making of the earth, demise, birth and so forth. †¢ comprises of beyond reconciliation contrary energies: creation versus decimation, life against death, divine beings against men or great versus malicious. †¢ gives the compromise of these posts so as to turn away our anguish. As far as concerns its, the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski contended that no significant part of life that is strange to the legend. Thusly, there are strict legends, (for example, the introduction of the divine beings), lawmakers, (for example, the establishing of Rome) or on specific issues (why corn turned into the fundamental food of a people, as with the pre-Hispanic people groups of Mexico ). For Malinowski basic legends are accounts, while reacting to the essential inquiries of human presence: motivation to exist, in view of what e ncompasses it, between otras.Malinowski likewise explained that the fantasy of the request for convictions and in the event that it is a clarification, not a levelheaded clarification, yet social. Capacity of Myth Capacities are different fantasies. Be that as it may, when all is said in done, can acknowledge three fundamental capacities: illustrative and down to business meaning. The informative capacity alludes to the legends clarify, legitimize or build up the inception, reason and as a result of some part of social or individual, for instance, the Greek fantasy that tells how the world began from Chaos or Genesis that says the introduction of the lady from the rib of a man. The realistic capacity of legend infers that fantasies are the premise of certain social structures and activities too, a fantasy can make a genealogical line and figure out who can administer or not. With this element, indicate and legitimize fantasies why a circumstance is with a particular goal in mind and not another. The job of significance alludes to that fantasies are not simply stories that give clarifications or political avocations additionally give a solace, quiet all consuming purpose or people, so it is wit h legends that talk about death, enduring or triumph in this manner, the fantasies are stories from the individual, however work as a handle existential, a rationale, as indicated by the American psychoanalyst, Rollo May. The three capacities are typically consolidated consistently. Sorts of Myths We recognize a few sorts of fantasies: †¢ cosmogonic legends: endeavor to clarify the making of the world. Are the most all around across the board and there is a more noteworthy sum. Regularly, lies the starting point of the earth in an early stage sea. Now and then, a race of monsters, similar to the Titans, assumes a vital job in this creation, for this situation, such mammoths, which are generally diving beings, are the principal individuals on earth. †¢ Myths theogonic: tell the inception of the divine beings. For instance, Athena comes outfitted from the head of Zeus. †¢ anthropogenic Myths: portraying the presence of people, who can be made from any material, alive (a plant, a creature) or latent (dust, mud, mud, etc..). The divine beings instructed to live on earth. Typically connected to the cosmogonic legends. †¢ Myths etiological clarify the starting point of creatures, things, procedures and foundations. †¢ moral Myths: clarify the presence of goo d and insidiousness. †¢ Foundational Myths: tell how the urban communities were established by the desire of the divine beings. A model is the establishing of Rome by two twins, Romulus and Remus, who were nursed by a she-wolf. †¢ Myths eschatological: report the future, the apocalypse. They despite everything have wide crowd. These legends incorporate two significant classes, contingent upon the component that causes the annihilation of the world: water or fire. They are frequently connected to crystal gazing. The inevitable end is reported by a higher recurrence of shrouds, quakes, and a wide range of catastrophic events that threaten people. The great model is the Apocalypse, considered as such by Bertrand Russell.1 Reading exacting, metaphorical and representative While legends seem to have been initially proposed as actually evident stories, the rationalization between the universes legendary clarification and philosophical and logical improvement has supported non-exacting readings of fantasy, as per which they ought not be dependent upon conviction, yet translation. Along these lines the metaphorical perusing of fantasies, conceived in Greece in the Hellenistic time frame, proposes to decipher the divine beings as representations of characteristic components. This responsibility discovers its continuation in later hypotheses, for example, far reaching in the nineteenth century by Max Mã ¼ller, whereby legends stories originate from misjudged about the sun, which has been embodied, turning into a human (the saint or sun god). Perusing representative accepts the legend contains precise substance, yet not on what is obviously, yet on the psychological substance of its makers and clients. Along these lines, the fantasy about a divine being founded the week to make the world in seven days contains honest about how society isolated the time it was made and which divisions between the lifeless and the enliven, the various sorts of creatures and man and so on.. Legends additionally contain helpful rules for conduct: good examples or dodge every known story with which to relate singular encounters. Present day concentrates on the fantasy fall into three fundamental positions: †¢ the functionalist, created by the anthropologist Malinowski inspects what fantasies are utilized in regular daily existence (conduct support, contention from power, and so on) †¢ structuralist, started by Levi-Strauss, analyzes the development of legends finding opposite or corresponding components that show up in it and how they are connected; †¢ the imagery, which has old style references in Jung, Bachelard and Gilbert Durand, accepts that the key component of the fantasy is an image, a substantial thing however loaded with reverberation or noteworthiness that alludes to model substance of the human mind. (A model is the Child prime example Elder, opposing figure who shows up as a character in appearance or conduct long-term kid like Merlin or an infant or kid who is equipped for talking and supplied with huge information, run of the mill of an old-the infant Jesus addressing to specialists.) Difference among legend and different stories Frequently fantasy is regularly mistaken for different sorts of stories as stories, tales and legends. Be that as it may, are not equivalent. There are a few contrasts among fantasy and society story: while the accounts are introduced as fictions, fantasies are introduced as obvious stories. Capacity likewise shifts: the fantasy is basically etiological (clear how they went to a specific circumstance, why the ocean is salty or man is mortal, for instance), while the qualities ​​transmitted folktale (preferable expertise over quality, great consistently has its prize, the impostor is consistently open, etc..). Also, the plot of the accounts is generally basic, while legends are a piece of a complex, wherein every story is associated with the other by intermittent characters, places, and so forth.. (Along these lines, for instance, the narrative of Jason is identified with legends about Heracles, as this is one of the Argonauts). The tales legends contrast from the characters (those tales are creatures human direct the fantasies, divine beings, saints and beasts) and by work (tales contain an ethical message, which normally shows up toward the end gathered of them as good, while legends are etiological). Concerning the legends, are introduced, just as fantasies, similar to genuine stories and regularly have a causal job (utilized, for instance, to clarify how a genealogy came to control, which supports its political authenticity), however Unlike legends, occurring continuously, memorable spots perceived by the audience or peruser, and frequently with genuine entertainers (cf. the legends of Charlemagne or El Cid). A similar example may show up in a fantasy, a story or legend, contingent upon how you present the story (valid or anecdotal) and what your job (etiological, instruction

Introduction of Shipping Containers Essay Example for Free

Presentation of Shipping Containers Essay Until the 1960s, delivering had not changed much in decades. Dealing with freight was a work escalated action, and transportation costs and timesâ€whether via land or via seaâ€were immense impediments to exchange, regularly making cross-country, not to mention worldwide, and exchange financially unfeasible. Anyway something happened that changed that. That was the innovation of the delivery holder. The introduction of the transportation holder goes back to April 26, 1956 when a crane lifted fifty-eight aluminum truck bodies on board an a boat called the Ideal-X docked in Newark, New Jersey. After five days, the boat cruised in Houston, where fifty-eight trucks held back to take on the metal boxes and take them to their goals. This proclaimed the start of another time. Decades have gone since that pivotal day which changed the world. Today we live in a globalized world so it is exceptionally hard for us to try and envision the degree to which the compartment changed the world. In 1956, China was not the universes workshop. It was not regular to discover Japanese gadgets and vehicles in Dhaka. Western clothing brands didn’t have their items produced in Bangladesh either. Prior to the appearance of the compartment, moving merchandise was costly. So costly that it didn't pay to send numerous things most of the way the nation over, substantially less most of the way around the globe. The presentation of the compartment had a tremendous effect upon the world’s economy. The majority of inadequately paid laborers who once made their livings stacking and emptying ships wound up losing their positions. Urban communities that had been focuses of oceanic business for a long time, for example, New York and Liverpool, saw their harbors decay because of them being unsuited to the compartment exchange. Trader mariners, who had cruised out to see the world, had their customary days-long shore leave in intriguing harbors supplanted by a couple of hours shorewards at a remote parking area for compartments, their vessel prepared to gauge grapple the moment the rapid cranes completed the process of putting enormous metal boxes now and again the boat. Be that as it may, even as it annihilated the old economy, the compartment helped fabricate another one. Harbors, for example, Busan and Seattle moved into the front positions of the universes ports, and enormous new ports were worked in places like Felixstowe, in England, and Tanjung Pelepas, in Malaysia. Humble communities, far away from the urban areas, could exploit their modest land and low wages to pulled in industrial facilities liberated from the should be almost a port to appreciate modest transportation. Broad mechanical edifices where a large number of laborers fabricated items through and through offered approach to littler, progressively particular plants that transported segments and half-completed merchandise to each other in consistently protracting flexibly chains. Poor nations, urgent for financial turn of events, could practically fantasy about turning out to be providers to well off nations far away. Gigantic mechanical edifices were worked in places Los Angeles and Hong Kong, simply because the expense of acquiring crude materials and sending completed products dropped broadly. The compartment made delivery modest, and by doing so changed the financial topography of the world. It was currently simpler than any time in recent memory to move merchandise everywhere throughout the world. Merchandise could now be fabricated anyplace and sold anyplace. On account of the compartment the world had become a littler spot. This new monetary topography permitted firms whose desire had been absolutely local to become universal organizations, permitting them to send out their items and selling them abroad nearly as easily as selling them close by. The individuals who wanted to go universal discovered that they had no way out. In any case, they were contending all around on the grounds that the worldwide market was coming to them. High transportation costs no longer offered assurance to significant expense makers whose greatest favorable position was by and large geologically near their clients. Indeed, even with customs obligations and time delays, production lines in Malaysia could convey pullovers to Macys in Herald Square more economically than could shirt makers in the close by lofts of New Yorks article of clothing area. The world was brimming with little producers selling locally in 1956 however before the finish of the twentieth century, absolutely neighborhood markets for merchandise of any kind were incredibly uncommon. The holder as valuable as it was to encouraging financial development was not heartily gotten by the laborers. The laborers, as shoppers picked up bounty because of the compartment. They delighted in unendingly more decisions on account of the worldwide exchange animated by the buyer. The expanded exchange achieved an expanded degree of rivalry which held costs down. Shoppers everywhere throughout the world appreciated higher expectations for everyday comforts because of the prepared accessibility of cheap imported buyer merchandise. Anyway as breadwinners the laborers weren’t excessively open of compartments. In the years after World War II, wartime destruction made immense interest while low degrees of universal exchange monitored serious powers. In this excellent condition, laborers and worker's guilds in North America, Western Europe, and Japan had the option to egotiate almost ceaseless enhancements in wages and advantages, while government programs gave ever more grounded security nets. The week's worth of work developed shorter, handicap pay was made increasingly liberal, and retirement at sixty or sixty-two turned into the standard. The holder stopped that exceptional development. Low delivery costs helped make capital significantly progressively portable, expanding the haggling intensity of bosses against their far less versatile laborers. In this exceptionally coordinated world economy, the compensation of laborers in Dhaka sets confines on compensation in New York. For makers it turned out to be increasingly desirable over assembling abroad in immature nations as pay and work place guidelines are low in immature nations. How much the compartment matters to the world economy is difficult to evaluate. In the perfect world, we might want to realize the amount it cost to send one thousand mens shirts from Dhaka to Toronto in 1955, and to follow how that cost changed as containerization came into utilization. Such information don't exist, yet it appears to be evident that the holder acquired clearing decreases the expense of moving cargo. From a boat conveying two or three dozen holders that would not fit on some other vessel, compartment delivering developed into an exceptionally computerized, profoundly normalized industry on a worldwide scale. A tremendous containership can be stacked with brief portion of the work and time required to deal with a little ordinary boat 50 years back. A couple of group individuals can deal with the whole vessel. A trucker can store a trailer at a clients stacking dock, attach another trailer, and drive on quickly, as opposed to watching his costly apparatus stand inert while the substance are expelled. Those progressions are outcomes of the holder upheaval. Transportation has become so productive that for some, reasons, cargo costs don't a lot of impact financial choices. Containerization has beyond question changed the world. It has caused time-space pressure that has significantly affected financial geology. Places far away could now move a wide range of merchandise between them because of delivery holders. In straightforward words it has made the world a littler spot.

20 Must-Read Audiobooks Narrated by Black Women

20 Must-Read Audiobooks Narrated by Black Women Ive always thought of audiobooks as a collaboration between the author and the narrator(s). I dont mean to imply that authors deserve less credit for their work in audio form. But when it comes to audiobooks, I do think the narration is as important as the writing. Its magical, reallyâ€"when read out loud, books become a slightly different kind of art. So I pay a lot of attention to narrators. I like to think about whos narrating a story in the same way I think about whos telling it. Is the narration own voices? Does the narrator have some cultural or ethnic connection to the characters? Theres no one right answer to these questions. Audiobook narrators are a talented bunch of voice actors, many of whom beautifully, authentically and respectfully voice a staggering range of accents and dialects. Thinking about what a narrator does or doesnt bring to a book is just one part of a bigger conversation about racism, sexism, power, and privilege in the realm of books and publishing. In a world where straight white cisgender male is still the default everything, including the default voice, celebrating and honoring diverse narrators is important. This list is all about audiobooks narrated by Black women, but Rioters have also made great lists featuring Native, First Nations and Indigenous narrators and  own voices narrators from a variety of identities. There are hundreds and hundreds of incredible audiobooks narrated by Black women. This list is just the beginning. But these are some of the best audiobooks Ive ever encountered. These narrators bring something new to every book they narrate. Whether you like to listen to science fiction, historical fiction, memoir, or poetry, these are audiobooks you wont want to miss. YA Fiction Escaping Exodus by Nicky Drayden, read by Cherise Boothe and Adenrele Ojo Two brilliant narrators take this weird and wonderful sci-fi novel up a notch. Set in a future where humans live on giant space beasts that serve as ship, shelter, and fuel, it follows two young women from different backgrounds as they navigate the highly stratified world of their space-beast-turned-spaceship. Both narrators perfectly embody the protagonists, as well as bringing to life a range of side characters with unique and unforgettable voices. On the Come Up by Angie Thomas, read by Bahni Turpin If any book was written to be read aloud, its a book about hip-hop. All Bri wants is to be a famous rapper like her father. But its definitely not an easy road, especially not for a Black teenage girl. Bahni Turpin is absolutely brilliant in this. She carries the heart of the bookâ€"the power of rapâ€"in her voice. Its an unforgettable performance of a powerful novel. The Stars and the Blackness Between Them by Junauda Petrus, read by Junauda Petrus, Bahni Turpin, and JD Jackson Heartfelt, authentic, and emotional narration adds depth to this quiet love story. When her mother discovers her with another girl, she sends Audre from her home in Trinidad to live with her dad in Minneapolis. Thats where she meets Mabel, and the two girls form an immediate bond. This is a lovely, shimmering, slightly magical novel that celebrates blackness and friendship. Turpin and Petrus inhabit their characters with such force that I sometimes found myself holding my breath. The Poet X by Elizabeth Acevedo, read by Elizabeth Acevedo If a novel-in-verse read by the author isnt the stuff that superior audiobooks are made of, I dont know what is. Acevedo is clearly the only person who could do this book justice. Xiomara is a Dominican American teenager dealing with a whole lot of teenage issuesâ€"family relationships, identity, alienation. So she turns to slam poetry to figure herself out. Her words come alive in Acevedos voice; you can feel their power in your bones. The Diviners by Libba Bray, read by January LaVoy The sheer range of voices that LaVoyâ€"apparently effortlesslyâ€"inhabits in this audiobook is extraordinary. Set in a creepy, glittering, paranormal 1920s New York, this book follows Evie ONeill, newly arrived from Ohio, as she navigates the big city while trying to hide her supernatural powers. Evie befriends a slew of diverse teenagers, and LaVoy is up for the challenge of narrating from all their POVs. With so many accents and characters to keep track of, she never wavers, bringing them all to life with stunning clarity. Adult Fiction The Care and Feeding of Ravenously Hungry Girls by Anissa Gray, read by January LaVoy, Adenrele Ojo, Bahni Turpin, and Dominic Hoffman A quartet of talented narrators enlivens this complicated book about three sisters and their families. When the eldest sister and her husband are arrested, her two younger sisters are thrown together to deal with the consequences, as well as care for her teenage daughters. The story shifts between POVs, and the narrators are so good, their voices so distinct, that it feels like each of the sisters is speaking directly to to the reader. Queenie by Candice Carty-Williams, read by Shvorne Marks This book is a sharp, painful, sometimes funny, and unbearably honest dose of messy, real life twentysomething uncertainty. Queenie is a 25-year-old Jamaican British woman living in London, trying to determine who and what she wants, making a lot of bad decisions about sex and men, and dealing with endless racial microaggressions. Marks masterfully navigates British and Jamaican accents, and perfectly captures Queenies youthful angst as well as the very real trauma it sometimes masks. Red at the Bone by Jacqueline Woodson, read by Jacqueline Woodson, Bahni Turpin, Shayna Small, Quincy Tyler Bernstine, and Peter Francis James Four talented women (and one man), including the author, narrate this slim but powerful novel about three generations of a black family in Brooklyn. Weaving through time and point-of-view, Woodson explores the way story, trauma, and memory move through generations. The narrators, each voicing a different character, transport listeners to the Brooklyn neighborhood where much of the book takes place. Their voices are rich and varied, adding layers of feeling to this sparse and deeply felt novel. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, read by Ruby Dee Hurstons classic novel is remarkable in a hundred ways, but one of them is the prose: gorgeous writing that captures the truths of the time, place and characters in specific, memorable ways. Ruby Dee gives breath to the music in Hurstons words. Her performance is immersive and expansiveâ€"shes so good that it feels more like being inside the book than having someone read it to you. The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin, read by Robin Miles This is the book that made me fall in love with Robin Miles as a narrator. The story takes place in a world plagued with fifth seasonsâ€"erratic climatic events (earthquakes, volcanoes) that can disrupt civilization for years or generations. Its a brilliantly crafted story with incredibly complex characters; Jemisin weaves together three narratives in a stunning, unputdownable tapestry. There are few narrators I would trust with the nuance and intricacy of this book, and Miles is one of them. Her performance is flawless. Memoirs (Read by the Author) Becoming  by Michelle Obama Michelle Obamas memoir hardly needs an introductionâ€"she just won a Grammy for it. Its likely you already know what an incredible public speaker she is, and it shows in this audiobook. Shes forthright, emotional, warm, raw, funny. This is not a short listen, but I promise youll blow right through it. Her voice is that compelling. Redefining Realness  by Janet Mock Mocks beautiful and intersectional memoir about growing up trans in Honolulu is made even more powerful by her heartfelt narration. She speaks with a quiet power; her voice is sometimes raw and sometimes playful, but always full of a naked honesty thats a gift to the listener. Listening to her tell her own story, it is simply impossible not to be moved by it. When They Call You a Terrorist by Patrisse Khan-Cullors and Asha Bandele In this harrowing and vitally important memoir, the co-founder of Black Lives Matter writes about the profound ways that police brutality and a criminally racist justice system have devastated  her family, the experience of being a queer black woman in America, and her path to activism. The power of her words comes through in her voice, as she lays bare  stories of love and devastation, tenderness and atrocity, trauma and resilience. Year of Yes by Shonda Rhimes This isnt your typical self-help book or inspirational memoir. Its not at all prescriptive. Rhimes tells it like it is, for her: all the ways that saying yes (which sometimes means saying no) helped her build a life she loves. Shes aware of her privilege, and weaves it into the book, so that it never feels like the things shes talking about are unattainable for people who arent big TV producers. Her narration is stellar: funny, upbeat, warm, and engaging. Its like shes right there in your living room with you. Hunger by Roxane Gay This is a hard book to read. Its a book about trauma, about Gays experience with her body, with fatness, and with living in a world that despises and reviles unruly bodies. Its the most vulnerable and honest memoir Ive ever read; the truth-telling Gay does with her words is extraordinary. Listening to her read it makes it both harder to bear and more intensely intimate. Its a listening experience that will stay with you for life. Essay Collections (Read by the Author) Eloquent Rage by Brittney Cooper In this collection of brilliant essays, Cooper centers blackness, Black women, and Black feminism. She writes about the uses of rage, and the specific ways that black women use anger as a tool of powerful change. She delves deep into politics, friendship, interpersonal relationships, academia, and more. Listening to her read it out loud enhances the power of every word. This is a must-read for all feminists. We Are Never Meeting in Real Life by Samantha Irby You know youre in for a treat when a comedian reads their own audiobook. In this collection of smart and hilarious essays, Irby discusses everything from awkward sex, reality TV, and her weirdo cat to fatness, the various strange challenges of adulting, and traveling through the South as a Black queer woman. Shes funny, but she also cuts through all the mess right to the heart of whatever shes talking about. Her delivery is flawless. This Will Be My Undoing by Morgan Jerkins This book is a blend of intimate personal stories and rigorous analysis and critique. Jerkins writes with sharp honesty about pop culture and feminism, and then uses that same clear-eyed honesty as she recounts her experiences as a Black girl and young Black woman. Her voice is so alive and expressive; it adds layers of depth to the essays that make it hard to stop  listening. Poetry (Read by the Author) Duende by Tracy K. Smith Smiths poetry thrives in that tension that lives in beautiful writing about horrific things. The poems in this collection delve down into the roots of history, exploring both the personal and political sides of art, survival, geography. Smith reads them with the confidence and precision that only an author can give to their own work. It is easy to get lost on the tide of her voice, which is both intense and mesmerizing. But her careful delivery also adds meaning to the poems themselves; this is a book worth listening to more than once. Teaching My Mother How to Give Birth  by Warsan Shire This audiobook is only 30 minutes long, but it feels almost infinite in lengthâ€"Shires words are so compelling theyll go on echoing in your head and heart long after youve finished listening. These poems about immigration, trauma, home, and the complicated ways that humans make journeys come alive in Shires voice. She gives an emotional performance, and unlike some poetry thats read aloud, her phrasing is never forced or formal. Out loud, in her voice, the poems become their true selves: living, breathing creatures. Its an extraordinary 30 minutes. Looking for more great audiobooks narrated by Black women? Casey put together a stellar list. Weve also got a listening pathway for Bahni Turpin and a whole lot of content to help you find the best Robin Miles audiobooks. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Essay on Censorship in Schools - 2179 Words

Censorship in Schools According to â€Å"Freedom of Speech† by Gerald Leinwand, Abraham Lincoln once asked, â€Å"Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for the liberties of its people, or too weak to maintain its own existence (7)?† This question is particularly appropriate when considering what is perhaps the most sacred of all our Constitutionally guaranteed rights, freedom of expression. Lincoln knew well the potential dangers of expression, having steered the Union through the bitterly divisive Civil War, but he held the Constitution dear enough to protect its promises whenever possible (8). Issues of censorship in public schools are contests between the exercise of discretion and the exercise of a Constitutional right. The law†¦show more content†¦Frankfurter undertakes to clarify the obscure nature of the national spirit: The flag is the symbol of our national unity, transcending all internal differences, however large, within the framework of the Constitution. This Court has had occasion to say that †¦ it signifies government resting on the consent of the governed; liberty regulated by law; the protection of the weak against the strong; security against the exercise of arbitrary power; and absolute safety for free institutions against foreign aggression (26).† Frankfurter in this way reduced the active issue to whether a governmental authority was justified in determining appropriate methods to evoke and recognize the glorious and liberating national sentiment (28). The answer, of course, was yes; that governments were most certainly justified, as long as restriction was accomplished in the service of liberty. Frankfurter went on: Except where the transgression of Constitutional liberty is too plain for argument, personal freedom is best maintained -- so long as the remedial channels of the democratic process remain open and unobstructed -- when it isShow MoreRelatedCensorship in Schools Today788 Words   |  3 PagesThe word censorship is from the Latin word root of censere, which means to give an opinion or expression to be judged upon. Censorship is the restriction of certain material, and due to its expression it is seen offensive to someone else. The origin of expression of censorship can be tracked back to the Roman Empire when Roman officials assessed the conduct and attitudes of other Roman citizens. The Roman government viewed that in order to have a strong government, the behavior and conduct of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship In Schools1085 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship is a threat to our intellectual freedom. However, many support the idea that books should be banned from schools. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the freedom of speech and press. The freedom of speech includes the freedom to have unrestricted access to information. Yet throughout history, the movement against banning books usually falls into three categories: political, moral, and religious. With these disputes in mind, we will discuss the reasons we needRead More Censorship in Schools Essay3746 Words   |  15 PagesCensorship in Schools There has recently been a renewed interest and passion in the issue of censorship. In the realm of the censorship of books in schools alone, several hundred cases have surfaced each year for nearly the past decade. Controversies over which books to include in the high school English curriculum present a clash of values between teachers, school systems, and parents over what is appropriate for and meaningful to students. It is important to strike a balance between EnglishRead MoreEssay on Censorship in Schools is not Justifiable959 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship in School is Not Justifiable Walt Whitman once said, â€Å"The dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.† Between the years 2000 and 2009 a total of 3200 books were challenged in school libraries in an attempt to expurgate, or censor, the content in books provided to students. Today the trend of censorship continues as popular novels such as The Hunger Games, The Fault in Our Stars, and Captain Underpants are censored from schools across the nation (Challenges by Reason).Censorship in regardsRead More Censorship in American Schools Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship in American Schools You may not realize this but our government plays a large role in governing what sort of information America’s children are exposed to. 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Who decides where they can view it? What can you do about them being able to view these things? Are there any laws that can prevent this from happening? What are some schools and libraries doing to help prevent childrenRead MoreCensorship For Middle School Students Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship by definition is the suppression of speech or removal of communicative material which may be considered objectionable or repulsive. Censorship is nothing new and its effects are constantly felt throughout society. Many societies use censorship to protect the established moral and social order. Book censorship in western cultures can be traced to the earliest years of Christianity, when the church began to suppress opposing views as unorthodox. In ancient times, before the printing pressRead More High School Internet Censorship Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School Internet Censorship       The common image that comes to mind on the topic of censorship is that of book burning. Dating back to ancient times, the easiest way to deal with unwanted writings has been to get rid of them, usually by heaping them into a blazing pyre. In his most famous science fiction novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury warns of a futuristic society where all literature is destroyed under a kerosene flame and the citizens freedoms are kept in check by the lack of written

The True Meaning of English 205 Proposal Essay Topics

The True Meaning of English 205 Proposal Essay Topics You better learn how to differentiate what really adds value to enhance your productivity and so work fewer hours. Furthermore, a couple of hours of class time will want to get allocated as a way to present the collages. A whole lot of students are looking for help from educational sites lately, so much it has come to be a standard occurrence. Some students highly depend on the web for sources due to its convenience. So as to earn you the very best marks up to now, you need to be very convincing, you have to be concise in your writing, and most of all, you have to look closely at the issues which you are addressing in the essay for the best outcomes. Our experts enable you to comprehend what is needed when you're choosing proposal essay topics. If you are fighting with selecting essay topics or writing it, here is the best solution. You are able to include a huge sum of recent research, developing a well-thought essay. The writer ought to be able to carry out in-depth analysis based on extensive academic understanding. If you're in college, you will need to compose a proposal essay. Writing a proposal essay isn't as difficult as it might sound, it isn't important the way your professor or teacher describes it. It is not exactly one of the toughest things that you will ever get to do, and it is for the same reason that you need to consider learning not just how to write one, but also how to make sure that the one you choose to write about is one of the best you will ever get to provide your tutors. There are some straightforward steps that you will need to observe to get undergraduate research proposal sample writing assistance. The first thing you've got to do whenever you are going to get started working on your paper is to write up a proposal. Before writing your proposal you should do the next things. The thesis writing process doesn't have to be in chronological order. If you believe that your thesis statement hasn't yet established all the points you wish to cover in the research, rephrase it. Conduct a research before you are able to even start to offer you an answer here. As soon as your proposal becomes accepted, it is possible to then go right ahead and compose the complete paper. Somebody who has never written a sample research title proposal can encounter a great deal of difficulties while writing such type of a paper for the very first time. Most Noticeable English 205 Proposal Essay Topics The fist draft can be merely a compilation of the facts that you currently have. To compose a proposal, one has to first think thoroughly and develop an appropriate topic which is related to the class unit or subject. If you aren't able to grasp the subject of the discipline, then you shouldn't elect for it otherwise you won't have the ability to write on it. As long since it is associated with your distinct region of study, it ought to be guaranteed to be the proper topic for you. After making up a topic, you must then think of content that will assist the writer to comprehend where you're coming from based on the points which you will present. All you will need is the proper topic. As an example, how to make the absolute most out of your Saturday afternoon isn't a great topic (although most of us know it's sleeping in and watching cartoons). Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. A very clear proposal describes the particular actions that your favorite audience will take. Remember to compose the points in a different place from the one which you are likely to compose the essay. In other words, a proposal essay identifies an issue and suggests a remedy to that issue. The matter of UH's wi-fi is likewise an intriguing topic. Some researches discuss an overall topic while some are handling something specific. If you see a problem that has numerous men and women you are going to be on the way forward. To begin with, you should identify the issue. The Hidden Secret of English 205 Proposal Essay Topics Hence, if you believe banking essays are boring just like your company studies are, then you're probably wrong here. Old assignments are ideal for scrap paper. History of internet banking 6. Introduction to internet banking 4. Not getting your paper in time can cause you to have a good deal of issues with the teacher and your exams. Necessary Resources The literary work a student chooses to create a collage on will determine how long is necessary to totally finish the undertaking. The students will be supplied a rubric with the specific demands of the undertaking and what the intention of the project is. Each student must choose one reading that we've done so far or will read later on, and no 2 students may pick the exact work.

Leadership and Communication Management Free Essays

Leadership and Communication Management We all know how the computer system works: Without the talented operator or appropriate software, even if it is equipped with the most advanced hardware, the computer itself will not achieve any results. If we compare the computer system as Enterprise, leadership is the operator and communication management is one of the most efficient software. When these two important elements combine in a cohesive manner, the Enterprise should expect the best performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Communication Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now R Inc. is a leading third party logistics company. It offers freight transportation logistics, outsource solutions, produce sourcing, and information services among many other services. As an employee with five years of service, I feel fortune enough to work for a company with 100 years of history that continually shows strong growth. As a non-assets company, a majority of the business is executed through communication, and it exists in every aspect of R culture. Any individual within the company will spend a majority of their day communicating with customers, vendors, carriers, and co-workers, so Communication management definitely plays a critical role within R company. In R, branches are small independent organizations under the corporate enterprise, and each branch has its own communication system. Within the different leaderships, the style of communication varies. With my experience of having had three different branch managers in five years, I realize that leadership plays a critical role with communication management for the whole enterprise, and I would like to explore it more with my findings. Firstly, whether or not the leadership uses communication management to link employees to the company strategy could make a huge difference with the future of the enterprise. A majority of the employees will enjoy making achievements and receiving recognitions from their hard work. As a leader, if you do not show employees the company’s vision, explain the contexts, and share the strategy, it will not be easy for employees to be self-motivated and to opt into the company’s strategy. They could get lost in the routine and sometimes mundane nature of their work and not put forth their best efforts. How many times have you heard people say: â€Å"I just do the work and go home? † If you are the leader, don’t you want to make a difference for both the company and people you serve so that each is getting the best out of the ther? I can honestly say that I was one of those who got lost after working for 3 years without any managed communication from leadership. One day, I woke up and decided I needed to make a change. I wanted to learn something new, and I knew I didn’t feel fulfilled with the same old. I chose to switch to a new branch. The new manager managed well the communication and linked my career path with the company strategy. I know I trust this leader as much as he trusts me, and I do perform better with a vision. I found management does exist in the enterprise; it isn’t a legend found only in textbooks. This Manager introduced S. M. A. R. T goals to create the link between company goals and the employees. â€Å"S. M. A. R. T† means specific, measureable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. With the smart goal, employees could work toward their own goal which is also linked to company strategy. We confidently know that we will be rewarded through hard work with job satisfaction, bonuses, raises, improved benefits, higher positions, and employee recognition. We also know that we will have all the support needed to get there. What’s the difference? Employees are linked to the company strategy sharing the mutual dream. Who makes the difference? The Leadership! How can they make the difference? Use the proper communication management. Secondly, communication management from leadership can influence employees on how they make their decisions which will affect the business. Employees would judge and select the most important information from leadership to make their decisions, and these decisions could affect the business in direct or indirect ways later. With poor communication management, leaders could deliver improper information which will impact negatively on employee decisions. Undoubtedly, as a return, the decision could negatively affect the business. To connect employee’s decision tightly toward company’s strategy, it requires leadership to manage the communication system in the right manner. Here is one negative example that could prove my point: In my old branch, information wasn’t shared well on a regular basis. Sometimes, we were given two or three conflicting instructions from different team leads on the same task. Because the communication from leadership wasn’t well managed, we would decide individually on what we thought we were told to do or what we thought that was the easiest and best way to do. Will our decisions fit the company’s strategy or benefit the best? We did not know, we were not empowered with the vision, and we could not tell whether the decision we just made was right for the company. If leadership had managed the communication, employees could have followed the vision and made the proper decision for the company. When all of these employees’ decisions are added together, it will decide the future of the company. With or without communication management from leadership to help those decisions be determined will make a big difference in the company’s future. Thirdly, Leadership has the greatest influence inside the company, and with well managed communication, it would deliver the best results for the company. I learned the sentence â€Å"Monkey does as Monkey sees† from our 6 year old daughter. People all have the strong capability of imitation and it is very easy to follow the trend. Inside Enterprise, employees look up to the leadership, and any action from the leadership is actually a communication to employees. How does the leader use their time? How does the leader reward the employee? All of their actions will be followed closely by employees. You will feel like going to work early when you see your leader go to office at 7am every morning and work in the action area; but you won’t feel like going at all if your leader comes to office no earlier than 9:30 am and always being surrounded by his/her favorite subordinate in the locked office? You would like to make your best efforts at work when you know your leader always rewards the hard workers, but you might not feel like contributing when the reward only belongs to the ones who would surround him/ her in the locked office. I have experience with both kinds of leaders. Their style of the communication management affected business loudly in different directions. As leadership, you have to put forth efforts to manage the communication, because leadership will influence employees through their communications. To impact an employee in good or bad way, depends on how the leadership designs the communication management. Admittedly, some branches in R do not have the best designed communication management so far, some leaders have started adopting this software for their own use to optimize the system and management. Also, at the corporate level, R has a well-designed company structure to ensure the success of the business; it has built solid policies, procedures, and created a great working environment, and it ensures the platform for communication management ready for all branches. I believe that communication management will be very well established at R through leadership efforts soon, and with its steady growth, it should continue to be one of their building blocks for success. How to cite Leadership and Communication Management, Papers

My Best Friend Lives in Me free essay sample

My favorite TV episode : â€Å"Funny Pants† from Season 4 Episode 65b of SpongeBob SquarePants, where Squidward, Spongebob’s cynical neighbor and coworker,falsely informs SpongeBob that if SpongeBob laughs one more time in the next 24 hours, his laugh box will explode, and he will never laugh or giggle again. Squidward’s lie attempts to stop SpongeBob’s incessant laughter, but SpongeBob does not stop laughing. Neither do I. SpongeBob would rather laugh and never laugh again than to live in fear, just as I would rather laugh and never laugh again than to live in fear of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus — the endometrium — grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis. Laughing helps me grieve the person I was before endometriosis and gives peace of mind and body. If I can laugh, then I can envision and motivate myself to accomplish my goals, whether it is becoming a pediatric surgeon or receiving a publication in Teen Ink Magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on My Best Friend Lives in Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If I want to continue laughing, then I have to be open minded to different TV shows, YouTube videos, and memes that could make me laugh. By practicing open mindedness, I fell in love with watching Wild n’ Out on MTV while eating Jollof rice with chicken and I took a risk tasting banana barbeque sauce in St. Thomas. Yes, barbecue sauce made out of real bananas, and I couldnt taste the difference! With open mindedness my learning never ends and I am always guaranteed adventure. For a while, I struggled with being open minded to a friendship with endometriosis because my memories consisted of endometriosis restraining me to my bedroom floor in excruciating pain and forcing me to escape class to hide in bathroom stalls. But as I debated forming a friendship with endometriosis, endometriosis taught me the best lesson: embrace my vulnerability and my own company. When I admitted to myself that I needed help, I stopped living in fear and I reclaimed the power to steer my own life. I was liberated when I came to terms with my doctor’s words: â€Å"The cause of endometriosis is unknown and there is no cure.† I could finally enjoy spending time with myself because I realized it was me, not endometriosis, who decided to close myself off. It is me who is emotionally responsible for myself. I cannot train myself to have a specific reaction to a particular situation, but I can train myself to remember I am in control of my emotions, not the other way aro und. Ultimately, endometriosis taught me that I never lose the ability to make choices but recognizing that ability becomes harder when the choices appear limited. Endometriosis promised me that I would prouder of myself if I accepted a choice it gave me. The choice was learning how I wanted to define myself and what I wanted others to see in me. Ive accepted the choice (or challenge, as I see it), but how would I begin writing that story? Sadly, I just finished typing it.

Circle sentencing and public policies

Circle sentencing and public policies Circle sentencing can be viewed as an alternative to conventional criminal trial. Overall, it can be understood as a procedure which involves the discussion of an offence between the defendant, the victim and the representatives of the local community (Doemer Lab 20011, p. 151).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Circle sentencing and public policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These people have to decide what kind of sanctions should be taken against the person who committed a crime. More importantly, they need to determine how the rights of a victim should be upheld. Circle sentencing is primarily aimed at reconciling the victim and the defendant. Furthermore, this model strives to reduce the risk of subsequent crimes or recidivism. The Australian government favors such form of restorative justice and allows Indigenous Australians to take part in such trials. This policy reflects several important interests and values of public administrators. First of all, the emphasis on circle sentencing is supposed to decrease the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in jails (Tumeth 2011, p. 6). These people can be sentenced to imprisonment for various kinds of offences, including minor ones (Marchetti Daly 2004, p. 6). They are more likely to be imprisoned that non-indigenous citizens of the country. The changes in public policies are based on the assumption that by sentencing a person to imprisonment for minor offences the government will only increase the risk of recidivism (Borowski 2010, p. 466). This is why sentencing circles normally vote in favor of such sanctions as community services or participation in rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, this policy is aimed at involving indigenous communities into the judicial process (Marchetti Daly 2004, p. 6). The policy-makers believe that the government should gain the trust of indigenous people, especially their confidence in the existing syst em of justice (Tumeth 2011, p. 6). Therefore, the elders of Indigenous people normally take part in these sentencing circles.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These people enjoy authority within the community, and their decisions are more likely to be accepted by both victims and offenders. Hence, one of the interests or goals that policy-makers pursue is to demonstrate that the government is willing to eliminate the barriers between the state and Indigenous people. Certainly, not every offender is eligible for participation in such procedures. For instance, sexual offences, homicide, robbery have to be tried in a conventional court. Sentencing circles can try only summary offences such as public misdemeanor, minor violations of traffic rules, or the actions which resulted in the minor damages to the property of another person. Moreover, circles are mostly intended for young people who have no record of previous offences, especially those ones which are indictable (Borowski 2010, p. 465). However, this is still a good opportunity for the Australian government to show that Indigenous communities will not be excluded from public decision-making. Hence, these people can be viewed as a more powerful stakeholder whose views, opinions, and interests should not be ignored. Additionally, this public policy indicates that the government favors the idea of preventive and restorative justice. This approach emphasizes two important aspects the compensation that should be given to the victim and rehabilitation of the offender. Thus, the goal of the judicial system should not be only the punishment of the criminal because by penalizing for minor offences the state only increases the risk of later crimes. Thus, one of the stakeholders is the entire community and its safety. This is one of the major assumptions underlying the policies of the state. Overall, there is a theoretical perspective that can explain the origins and rationale for circle sentencing. In particular, one can speak about anti-racism. According to this approach, the existing social and economic problems of a country can be partly explained by the long-term disempowerment of a certain racial or ethnic group (Lister 2010, p. 91).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Circle sentencing and public policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This theory suggests that lack of educational or employment opportunities can eventually lead to higher crime rates within a specific community (Lister 2010, p. 91). This argument can be applied to the Indigenous Australians who long faced both formal and informal discrimination. Therefore, the state should help them integrate into the society. This is why the Australian government supports the idea of circle sentencing in order to empower these people and make sure that they can take part in public life. As it has been said before, they also try to break the so-called cycle of recidivism. This concept implies the idea that imprisonment does not always lead to the correction of a person’s behavior (Doemer Lab 20011, p. 151). Most likely, such sanctions will lead to the opposite effect, in other words, this individual may be more likely to commit crime in the future. Hence, the goal of sentencing circles is to safeguard young individuals against the risk of more serious crimes. Yet, it is still possible to say that public policies are shaped by anti-racist ideology because circle sentencing is mostly intended for the members of Indigenous communities. Non-indigenous offenders do not participate in such trials. This is why anti-racist perspective is the best explanation of the existing and future public policies. On the whole, circle sentencing is a way of delegating authority to the indigenous community and reducing the risk of crime within the segment of Australian population. These are the main objectives that the existing policies strive to achieve. However, it is still necessary to determine whether these initiative have been successful and to what extent. Moreover, one should also understand how these policies can be improved. References Borowski, A 2010, Indigenous Participation in Sentencing Young Offenders: Findings From an Evaluation of the Childrens Koori Court of Victoria, Australian New Zealand Journal Of Criminology, vol. 43 no. 3, pp. 465-484.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Doemer, W Lab, S 2011, Victimology, Elsevier, New York. Lister, R 2010, Understanding Theories and Concepts in Social Policy, The Policy Press, London. Marchetti, E, Daly, K 2004, Indigenous Courts and Justice Practices in Australia., Trends Issues In Crime Criminal Justice, vol. 277 no.1 pp.1-6. Tumeth, R 2011, Is Circle Sentencing in the NSW Criminal Justice System a Failure?, https://www.alsnswact.org.au/. Weatherburn, D, Fitzgerald, J, Juizhao H J 2003, Reducing Aboriginal Over-representation in Prison, Australian Journal Of Public Administration, vol. 62 no. 3, pp. 65-73.

The Queen Annes Revenge - Blackbeards Pirate Ship

The Queen Anne's Revenge - Blackbeard's Pirate Ship The Queen Annes Revenge was a massive pirate ship commanded by Edward Blackbeard Teach in 1717-18. Originally a French slaving vessel that Blackbeard captured and modified, it was one of the most formidable pirate ships ever, carrying 40 cannons and enough room for plenty of men and loot. The Queen Annes Revenge was capable of fighting off nearly any Navy warship afloat at the time. It sank in 1718, and many believe that Blackbeard scuttled it on purpose. The wreck has been found and has turned up a treasure trove of pirate artifacts. From Concorde to Queen Annes Revenge On November 17, 1717, Blackbeard captured La Concorde, a French slaving vessel. He realized that it would make a perfect pirate ship. It was large yet fast and big enough to mount 40 cannons on board. He renamed it Queen Annes Revenge: the name referred to Anne, Queen of England and Scotland (1665-1714). Many pirates, including Blackbeard, were Jacobites: this meant that they favored the return of the throne of Great Britain from the House of Hanover to the House of Stuart. It had changed hands after Annes death. The Ultimate Pirate Ship Blackbeard preferred to intimidate his victims into surrendering, as fights were costly. For several months in 1717-18, Blackbeard used the Queen Annes Revenge to effectively terrorize shipping in the Atlantic. Between the massive frigate and his own fearsome appearance and reputation, Blackbeards victims rarely put up a fight and handed over their cargoes peacefully.  He plundered the shipping lanes at will. He was even able to blockade the port of Charleston for a week in April of 1718, looting several ships. The town gave him a valuable chest full of medicines to make him go away. The Queen Annes Revenge Sinks In June of 1718, the Queen Annes Revenge hit a sandbar off of North Carolina and had to be abandoned. Blackbeard took the opportunity to make off with all of the loot and a select few of his favorite pirates, leaving the others (including hapless pirate Stede Bonnet) to fend for themselves. Because Blackbeard went legit (sort of) for a little while after that, many thought he scuttled his flagship on purpose. Within a few months, Blackbeard would return to piracy and on November 22, 1718, he was killed by pirate hunters in a pitched battle off of North Carolina. The Wreck of the Queen Anne’s Revenge In 1996, a shipwreck believed to be that of the Queen Annes Revenge was discovered off of North Carolina. For 15 years it was excavated and studied, and in 2011 it was confirmed to be Blackbeards ship. The shipwreck has yielded many interesting artifacts, including weapons, cannons, medical gear and a massive anchor. Juha Flinkman, SubZone OY / CC BY-SA 4.0 / Wikimedia Commons Many of the artifacts are on display at North Carolinas Maritime museum and can be viewed by the public. The opening of the exhibit drew record crowds, a testament to Blackbeards lasting reputation and popularity. Sources Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New York: Osprey, 2003.

How economics influence a country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How economics influence a country - Essay Example Germany has a charming and promising standard of living. Germany has the best living standard in Europe. Characterized by a responsive authority, joint public, private partnership and the best service based economy; Germanys living standards are nothing short of perfect. The infrastructure is at its peak with elaborate means of transport. Germany has the best health policy in Europe and the mortgage industry is at its peak. As a result, Germany, emerges as one of the most beautiful and habitable places in Europe. The glory and splendor of Germany, however, has a tainted future. The economy heavily depends on its vibrant industries. These industries need a high input of human labor (office 164). The shrinking and aging Germany population is not in a position to handle most expansion and growth. The industries result in labor importation a very expensive undertaking which slices away a large proportion of the profits earned. In return, the feasibility to undertake any commercial activity is dark due to the high cost of labor. In the next 50 years, Germanys population will shrink by 20%. In all aspects, even if the economic growth rate maintains at a relative 115, the country will eventually lose out on the cost of production. Currently, the per capita income of Germany stands at $388 per head. Germany has the highest per capital rating in Europe. Increase in the cost of production ultimately leads to costly goods and services and the per capital income fall sharply. Currently, Germany offers a good work climate for potential workers. The balls are changing fast for the country as the south East economies pick on the development trend. Posing Germany against Malaysia, it is w orth noting that Malaysia is the very reverse of Germany. The Malaysian population is exploding and so is its workforce. Currently, Malaysia per capita income stands at $9000 per head (East Asia

Electromagnetic Waves Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electromagnetic Waves Principles - Assignment Example The waves are usually emitted and absorbed by charged particles. This is exactly how the radio waves are usually transmitted in wireless communication. The waves have got both the magnetic as well as the electric field oscillating perpendicularly to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Radio waves are usually in the range of 10 kHz to 100 GHz. The smaller ranges of the radio waves are usually used in the deep space telecommunication. However, the frequency as well as the wavelength of a propagated electromagnetic wave depends on its source. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the types of the electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is the type of energy that travels while spreading out as it goes. Some electromagnetic spectrum is invisible to the naked eye. However, they all have the properties of frequency and wavelength. The frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the number of cycles of a wave that passes a particular point in one second. It is measured in Hertz. On the other hand, the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the distance from the peak of a particular wave to the next one. It is measured in meters. The two attributes are however inversely proportional to each other. The longer the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum is, the smaller the frequency of the spectrum and vice versa. However, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, the more energetic is the light. The frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum are related in a precise mathematical formula. The wavelength is normally expressed by the Greek letter lambda (ÃŽ »). On the other hand, the frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually expressed as nu (ÃŽ ½). Their relationship is therefore expressed as: a.) Radio frequency is the rate of oscillation of waves between the ranges of 3 kHz to 300Â  GHz. Very low

Financial Services Regulation Literature Review

Financial Services Regulation Literature Review Literature review on financial services regulation Consider whether flexibility in implementation of financial services regulation can undermine legal certainty. Does a move towards principles-based regulation of financial services presage a regulatory creep without a statutory grounding or does it allow regulators to keep pace with the financial services market? Introduction Regulation is often unpopular, and may be viewed as unnecessary. However, the existence of market failure is a reality in certain markets that needs to be corrected by some form of government intervention. In the financial services industry, for example, there is clearly a need for some kind of regulation as demonstrated by, for example, the Nick Leeson affair or the Enron scandal. Yet such cases also demonstrate the failure of regulation – the regulatory systems in place did not succeed in preventing these two debacles. Hodgson (2006:247) takes a positive view of regulation, or at least of the right kind of regulation, arguing that ‘[r]egulation can and should be a necessary, proportional and beneficial approach to the organisation of society. It lets us police the supply of goods and services and maintain standards and resolve complaints within a properly established legal framework, but without inappropriate political involvement or, in most cases, resort to the court s.’ Financial services regulation in the UK – objectives In the UK, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) has four statutory objectives: market confidence (maintaining confidence in the financial system); public awareness (promoting public understanding of the financial system); consumer protection (securing the appropriate degree of protection for consumers); and reduction of financial crime (reducing the extent to which it is possible for a business carried on by a regulated person to be used for a purpose connected with financial crime). In addition, the FSA is guided by a set of principles to which it must adhere. For example, it must use its resources efficiently, and any restrictions it imposes on an industry must be proportionate to the expected benefits of the restrictions. Furthermore it should avoid stifling innovation where possible. This means that the FSA must allow for different means of compliance in order not to unduly restrict firms and industries from launching new products and services. In addition, the FSA should help to maintain the competitive position of the UK internationally. In order to promote competition among the firms that it regulates, the FSA should avoid creating any unnecessary regulatory barriers to entry or expansion in any of the markets it regulates. Hodgson (2006:251) explains that the ‘FSA was set up to do rather a lot of things: to promote market confidence and public awareness of financial services (meaning encourage savings), protect consumers and reduce financial crime. It is also required to maintain the international success of Britain’s financial sector, promote competition whilst minimizing any adverse effects, and weight the costs and benefits of its own actions. Plenty of scope for conflicts of interest there.’ An assessment of the move to more principles-based regulation must examine how such a move is likely to impact on all of the objectives of the FSA. Principles-based regulation and rules-based regulation Cunningham (2007) explains that since the Enron scandal and other debacles in the financial services industry, there has been a trend to categorise rules-based regulatory systems as bad, and principles-based regulatory systems as good. However, he argues that the distinction being made between â€Å"rules-based† and â€Å"principles-based† systems is false and misleading. Cunningham (2007:3) claims that while an individual provision in a regulatory system may be â€Å"rules-based† or â€Å"principles-based†, these ‘classifications are too crude to describe or guide the design of corporate law, securities regulation or accounting systems.’ That is to say the terms are not scalable to the level of an entire system. Instead, Cunningham (2007:4) points to ‘the necessity and value of combining rules and principles and the difficulty of designing systems warranting classification as rules-based or principles-based.’ While it may be the case that any regulatory system is necessarily a hybrid made up of a mixture of â€Å"rules-based† and â€Å"principles-based† individual provisions, that does not mean that some systems are not â€Å"more rules-based† or â€Å"more principles-based† than others. Indeed this notion ties in with the reality of the UK financial services regulatory system. As will be seen below, the system is already a hybrid of â€Å"rules-based† and â€Å"principles-based† approaches, and it is moving towards â€Å"more principles-based† regulation. Regulatory creep There are various definitions of regulatory creep. The Better Regulation Task Force (2004:3) define it as ‘the process by which regulation is developed or enforced in a less than transparent fashion and not in accordance with our five Principles of Good Regulation.’ The BRTF (2004:5) goes on to identify four examples of how regulatory creep may occur when regulation takes place without transparency. In the first place, ‘a lack of clarity about the intention of regulation, particularly goal-based regulation, both on the part of regulators and those being regulated, can lead to unnecessary compliance burdens.’ Secondly, the way that guidance ‘is developed and used can influence enforcement activity and compliance, again leading to unnecessary burdens that bring little benefit to those the original regulation was designed to protect’. Thirdly, it is argued that ‘enforcement activity can induce over compliance in those being regulated’ and finally, ‘ombudsmen’s rulings can have wider regulatory implications’. Jones (2004:6), on the other hand, points out that ‘there is a positive aspect to creep. Formal responsibilities may leave gaps in enforcement. Shifting priorities and creative interpretation of a regulator’s brief may be necessary to tackle newly emergent issues.’ Moving towards more principles-based regulation: the case of the UK The first point to make is that in the UK, Principles-based regulation has existed since 1990, and the eleven high-level Principles for firms (see box 1) have been in place since 2001 (FSA 2007a:4). The FSA is now talking about a ‘more Principles-based approach’. This shift is based on a move towards broad-based standards instead of detailed rules together with an increased focus on outcomes-based regulation and an increase in senior management responsibility. According to the FSA (2007a:4), ‘Principles-based regulation means, where possible, moving away from dictating through detailed, prescriptive rules and supervisory actions how firms should operate their business. We want to give firms the responsibility to decide how best to align their business objectives and processes with the regulatory outcomes we have specified.’ Moving towards more principles-based regulation: pros and cons There are clear advantages to a principles-based approach to regulation, but such an approach also carries certain risks (of which regulatory creep is just one). The challenge is to achieve the right balance between principles and rules. As the BRTF (2004:6) explains, ‘part of the attraction of goal-setting regulation is its flexibility and we do not want to discourage this. Nor do we want to discourage the use of guidance as a useful alternative to regulation for driving up standards. But where does guidance as a useful alternative in driving up standards end, and regulatory creep begin?’ In this section, I will review the pros of a move towards more principles-based regulation, and I will then outline the various risks or cons associated with such a move. One major advantage of more principles-based approaches to regulation is increased flexibility and responsiveness to innovation and market developments. de Serres et al (2006:32) find that ‘financial system regulation has a statistically significant influence on output and productivity growth as well as on firm entry, via the impact on industrial sectors relying more heavily on external sources of funding. The economic impact is also found to be substantial enough to matter, yet sufficiently small to remain credible.’ This highlights the need for financial system regulation to minimise unnecessary regulatory barriers to entry or expansion in the financial services market. According to the FSA (2007a:5), a principles-based system is likely to be more durable than a rules-based system precisely because of its flexibility. ‘Financial markets are constantly changing. Continuous innovation and new product development are important ways in which the financial services industry generates benefits for consumers and markets. It is important that regulation can respond rapidly to the pace of change in markets and so allow them to continue to develop for the benefit of their users. We believe regulation that focuses on outcomes rather than prescription is more likely to support this development and innovation. Any set of prescriptive rules is unable to address changing market circumstances and practices at all times, and it inevitably delays, and in some instances prevents, innovation.’ Another benefit of more principles-based regulation is that it should provide greater freedom for firms to develop their own approach to compliance. According to the FSA (2007a:7), a more principled-based approach does in practice mean ‘giving firms increased flexibility to decide more often for themselves what business processes and controls they should operate.’ In addition, a move to principles implies less need for detailed rules which leads to a simplification of the rules or handbook. The FSA (2007a:8) views a simplified handbook as a side benefit of a move to more principles-based regulation, rather than a key driver behind the move, additionally arguing that, ‘reducing the overall size of the Handbook, however desirable, does not in itself deliver principles-based regulation. Even a substantially reduced Handbook will still be regarded by many as a daunting prospect. We should therefore not measure our success in achieving principles-based regulation by the number of Handbook pages or the number of rules they contain, but by the effect that the Handbook review, together with other initiatives, achieves over time.’ Perhaps one of the most important potential advantages of a move to more principles-based regulation, if properly implemented, is a greater degree of substantive compliance as individuals and firms come to comply with outcomes and the general principles rather than on the detailed rules – as the spirit of the law is prioritised over the letter of the law. Another key advantage is the increased engagement of senior management. The FSA (2007a:12) explains that ‘Moving towards principles-based regulation has significant implications for how we work with firms on a day-to-day basis We are looking for firms to take greater responsibility for how they meet their regulatory obligations. This responsibility in many cases will be taken on at senior management and Board level, using the various materials that will be available and, where necessary, conversations with us†¦ Firms will see a difference in how we behave towards them. We will give greater recognition to firms’ own management and controls and this will be reflected in areas such as capital requirements and supervisory intensity. Well controlled and managed firms that engage positively and openly with us should expect to experience real benefits from our more principles-based approach in the form of a regulatory dividend, for example relatively lower levels of regula tory capital, less frequent risk assessments, greater reliance on firms’ senior management or a less intensive risk mitigation programme.’ Finally, proponents of a more principles-based approach argue that it should lead to more efficient solutions to regulatory problems. This, however, depends on the system for the resolution of any such problems and could in fact be more or less efficient with a more principles-based approach, depending on how that system is designed and implemented. A major risk associated with a move to principles-based regulation is the lack of certainty or predictability. This is a risk that needs to be managed carefully in order to ensure that firms and individuals understand their obligations in the absence of specific rules as to how they should act. The FSA (2007a:12) acknowledges the need to address this risk and explains that ‘with a less prescriptive Handbook we are convinced that we must go further than we have been inclined to in the past in responding to firms’ queries. We will need to work with firms and the practitioner panels to find the right balance in achieving this.’ Accountability issues are, arguably, also more likely to arise in the absence of detailed rules. Wilson (2007) explains that the FSA approach to accountability and governance issues has always been principles-based, explaining that ‘we take a strong interest in how firms govern and organise their affairs because we take the view that if you get this right, much else follows. In doing this, our approach is generally to ask for explanations as to why the structure put in place offers the necessary challenge and level of control, and where such explanations are unconvincing, to seek change that achieves a better outcome.’ There may also be certain legal obstacles to a more principles-based approach to regulation. Obviously any regulatory body needs to remain within the law, and in the case of the UK FSA this includes, for example, EU law. It is important to recap at this stage that a move to more principles-based regulation does not mean the abolition of all detailed rules. Indeed the FSA (2007a:20) cites European legislation as one of the challenges or constraints that will remain as they move in the direction of a more principles-based system of regulation. Finally, and most pertinent to this review, is the increased risk of regulatory creep with a move to a more principles-based system of regulation. The BRTF (2004:11) identify two principal means through which a principles-based approach may lead to regulatory creep. The first of these is through a possible proliferation of guidance and overzealous enforcement. ‘High level goal-setting objectives may need further clarification. Goalsetting regulation can leave a vacuum that Government, regulators and industry will seek to fill with guidance. The guidance may stray beyond the original intention and/or it may be applied prescriptively by regulators and those being regulated.’ The second occurs if insufficient thought is given to how firms will demonstrate compliance with the principles, or if compliance staff lack adequate skills. ‘Regulators argue that it is their job to prove noncompliance and that there is no legal requirement for duty holders to demonstrate compli ance. However, compliance should not be a guessing game. Those being regulated do need to understand what is required of them in practice.’ Conclusion Clearly there are some advantages to Principles-based regulation of financial services, but there are also some risks. There will always be a place for rules in regulation, and the key to successful Principles-based regulation is to know when it is appropriate to rely on Principles, and when to specify detailed rules. Reliance on principles requires the provision of consistent advice to firms, and a commitment to ensure the regulator’s accountability mechanisms are not bypassed. These requirements in turn point to the need to ensure that compliance staff are sufficiently skilled and trained. The OECD (2005:4) highlights the need to pay ‘close attention to the institutional setting, with a view towards fostering accountability, transparency and trust’ in order to achieve high quality regulation. This is the case whether a more rules-based or a more principles-based approach is taken. As the BRTF (2004:14) points out, ‘[i]t is not only goal-setting regulation that can lead to regulatory creep. A lack of clarity about the scope of any type of regulation can lead to regulatory creep.’ A move to more principles-based regulation has the potential to presage a regulatory creep without a statutory grounding as well as the potential to allow regulators to keep pace with the financial services market. The aim of any such move must be to realise this latter potential whilst avoiding the former. Bibliography Better Regulation Task Force (2004) Avoiding Regulatory Creep. October 2004. London: Better Regulation Task Force. Cunningham, L. (2007) A Prescription to Retire the Rhetoric of â€Å"Principles-Based Systems† in Corporate Law, Securities Regulation and Accounting. Boston College Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Research Paper 127, 13 March 2007. de Serres, A. et al. (2006) Regulation of Financial Systems and Economic Growth, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 506. Paris: OECD Publishing. FSA (2007a) Principles-based regulation: Focusing on the outcomes that matter. April 2007. London: FSA. FSA (2007b) FSA Handbook, Release 065, May 2007 Hodgson, P. (2006) The Rise and Rise of the Regulatory State. The Political Quarterly 77(2) April-June 2006. pp247-254 Jones, C. (2004) ‘Regulatory Creep: Myths and Misunderstandings’, in Risk and Regulation, No 8 Winter 2004 p.6 OECD (2005) Designing independent and accountable regulatory authorities for high quality regulation. Proceedings of an Expert Meeting in London, United Kingdom, 10-11 January 2005. Paris: OECD. Wilson, S. (2007) Supervision in a Principles Based World. Speech given to the FSA Retail Firms Division Conference, London, 27 February 2007 (available from http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2007/0227_sw.shtml)

Educating Rita and the Allegory of the Cave Essay

The film â€Å"Educating Rita† and the essay â€Å"the Allegory of the Cave† are based on philosophical ideas and problems connected with personal development, education and understanding of the good life. ‘Educating Rita† and the essay â€Å"the Allegory of the Cave’ portray personal development of people and importance of education, persistence and hard work crucial for success and self-determination. Thesis Both works portrays that only self-improvements and education combined with personal values will create a unique personality able to obtain social status and understand the world. Educating Rita’ and ‘the Allegory of the Cave’ discuss the role of persistence and hard work in education and learning. In the film, the main heroin would not be able to achieve success and change her personality without diligence and great desire to archive this success. Similar to the film, Plato portrays that persistence and desire to learn something new drive the personality. Thus, both works show that learning differences arise from different motives and personal traits, different goals and life expectations of the characters. Socrates questions: â€Å"And when he remembered his old habitation, and the wisdom of the cave and his fellow-prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them? (Plato). In this case, thinking and analysis are the main tools which help the student to learn and develop new knowledge. For learners, one of the first and most basic steps to master new knowledge is to develop strong skills through practice and cramming. The works portray that a unique personality is coined by education and learning, knowledge sharing and continuous practice. ‘Educating Rita’ portrays that learning ensures that the knowledge is generated and perceived currently. ‘Educating Rita’ portrays that every person can improve her knowledge and receives good education in spite of her class location and background. Similar to the film’s theme, Plato says: â€Å"Whereas our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already† (Plato). It is important to note that in contrast to many other students who work hard for many years but fail to achieve their dream, the film and Plato’s essay describe that learning can shape any personality in a short period of time, but he/she needs long-life learning and education in order to to keep abreast of time and expend his/her knowledge. Both works, â€Å"Educating Rita† and â€Å"the Allegory of the Cave† discuss the important role of teacher and mentor in education and self-development. The role of the teacher is to motivate and inspire his pupil. In general terms, motivation in the pupil can be described as the direction and persistence of action. It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems. The process of learning is closely connected with self-regulated learning. Plato comments: â€Å"He will then proceed to argue that this is he who gives the season and the years, and is the guardian of all that is in the visible world, and in a certain way the cause of all things which he and his fellows have been accustomed to behold? (Plato). In the film, this process is supported by strong personal commitment to work, life goals and hopes which have not come true. In contrast to ‘the Allegory of the Cave’ in the film motivation is concerned, basically, with why Rita behaves in a certain way. Personal motivation and life goals have a direct and positive impact on her self-direct learning. Her motivation can be describes as urges, aspirations, drives and needs of human beings direct or control or explain their behavior. Symbolically, for prisoners ‘light’ symbolizes ‘truth’ while for Rita ‘education’ becomes the light in her life. In sum, both works describe that our world views depend upon education, learning, and a teacher who supports and guides his pupil. Education is the first major step that increases personal values of everyone and creates new opportunities to succeed on the workplace. Learning is typical for people, because they see persistence and diligence as important qualities of a character and personal traits. Character Sketches Rita (Susan) Rita is a young (about twenty) working class girl (hairdresser) who wants to improve her life and continue education. She is marriage but her husband is constantly against her education. From the start it is clear from her bad grammar that she has a less polished education than the other students. At the start she is simply the instrument of Frank. Later she seems to have some pity for him. One sign of Rita’s development is her growing realization of how Frank cares about her. She is smart, brave and courageous to start a new life. To be so clear about one’s upbringing is a step in overcoming it. At the end of the film she becomes persistent, diligent and hard-working students. A diligent attitude to learning is the best way to prove that hard work and persistence can result in social recognition and high social status. Dr Frank Bryant Frank is a middle aged academician who achieved nothing in his life. He lack money and decides to teach working class students to earn for living. Frank combines the moral and social qualities of a gentleman. He is patient, sympathetic and kind. He inherits honesty; he is a reliable and sensitive, clumsy and inaccurate person. In his love for Rita, he shows that he has none of snobbery or egoism. His tact is evident in his treatment of Rita and in the delicate way he corrects her manners. Frank is, above all, a loyal friend who actively helps Rita in her attempt to change herself. Knowing how to work and motivate his pupils is one of the marks of a true teacher. Frank conforms to this ideal. His fine manners show that he is a gentleman at heart.

The Economic Argument For Trade - 1594 Words

What is the Economic Argument for Trade? What Factors can Enforce Fair Trade? What Factors also hinder it? Trade refers to the activities of different parties that involve voluntary negotiations and exchange of goods and services between them . Trade has existed traditional with an evolution of the conventions of exchange through that different period. Initially, people exchanged goods to receive others or to gain a service from another person. The name for this strategy of business is barter trade, but it has faded considerably in the modern markets . The traditions have changed since the advent of money and currencies that now serve as the central medium for trade. Despite the evolution of the mediums of exchange, the principles of trade have remained the same where different parties offer some commodities in return for others. The theory opens up to the idea of the international trade that refers to the exchange of goods and services between the borders of two or more countries . The argument behind the establishment of trade is to ensure that the commodities get a way of distribution around the market so that different people can access them. The technique gives an opportunity to people to satisfy the demand that others have in different regions and gain other goods or services from them. It enables people to substitute the products they have in surplus for those they do not have. Among the modern concepts in trade is Fair Trade between different regions andShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Argument For Trade1468 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the economic argument for trade? Trade is generally known as the buying and selling of goods from one person to another, â€Å"international trade would involve at minimum two countries and can go up to however many want to participate in the trade†1 and have something to offer that the there corresponding countries are willing to accept. 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